3 Week Baby Sleeping for Long Periods of Time

© 2008 – 2017 Gwen Dewar, Ph.D., all rights reserved

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Every bit every parent knows, the earth of newborn sleep is exotic and strange.

Babies rack up lots of sleep overall, averaging 16-18 hours a day during the offset two weeks.

Nevertheless they awaken frequently, and rarely slumber more than 4 hours at a stretch, even at night. Their internal clocks aren't withal synchronized with the external, 24-hour day.

It's a recipe for exhaustion, but agreement the science of sleep tin help you cope, and avoid mistakes that tin can delay your child's development of more mature sleep rhythms.

In this article, you'll larn virtually

• cardinal differences betwixt newborn sleep and adult slumber;
• circadian rhythms, and how y'all can assistance your baby arrive sync with the natural day;
• slumber cycles in the newborn, and how to work around them;
• tips for preventing newborns from waking upward; and
• advice for improving your own sleep.

Throughout, I focus on babies under four weeks of age. For information about older infants, see my article on opens in a new windowbabe sleep patterns.

If you are looking for information about opens in a new windownewborn sleep condom, come across these science-based tips for reducing the risk of SIDS.

Newborn sleep patterns: Are there any?

To the sleepless parent, newborn sleep might seem totally disorganized. For example, consider these points.

1. Newborns never sleep for long.

Newborns sleep in short bouts — typically ranging from 30 minutes to 4 hours — at seemingly random times throughout the day and night.

two. Newborns awaken easily.

In function, this is because they spend a large portion of their sleep time in "active sleep," a light sleep state characterized by fluttering eyelids; rapid, irregular breathing; occasional body movements; and vocalizations (grunts or brief cries).

3. Newborn sleep times can vary widely.

In the first few days, the boilerplate newborn sleeps between 16-18 hours a day (Iglowstein et al 2002). By iv weeks, newborn slumber averages about 14 hours. But the range is considerable. Some four-week-sometime babies sleep every bit picayune as 9 out of 24 hours. Others sleep for 19 hours a day (Iglowstein et al 2002).

If your baby doesn't fit the typical profile, does that hateful something is wrong?

Non necessarily. Some babies suffer from medical atmospheric condition that influence the way they slumber, and so if you have concerns y'all should discuss them with your medical provider. But it appears that many healthy, normal newborns deviate several hours from the average elapsing of slumber.

Newborn sleep rhythms: Why newborns seem to sleep—and wake—around the clock

The timing of developed sleep is governed by circadian rhythms — physiological changes that follow a 24-hour wheel. Many of these changes are influenced past your exposure to light.

For instance, when you lot betrayal yourself to sunlight during the day, you lot are helping your trunk calibrate it's internal clock. Even if you are sleep-deprived, morning time light helps ensure that yous will be more alert during the day than yous are at night.

Conversely, the absence of light at night helps your body current of air down. When darkness falls, your brain interprets this as a signal to start producing melatonin, a hormone that triggers relaxation, paving the way for sleep.

You lot can easily disrupt this procedure past exposing yourself to artificial light sources in the evening — specially sources of blueish light (Wahnschaffe et al 2013). Only every bit long every bit y'all stick with the programme — bright lite during the twenty-four hours, and darkness at nighttime — yous volition probable find yourself in sync with the natural, 24-hour mean solar day.

And of form almost adults are in sync. But it's different for newborns.

Newborn sleep is not governed by strong circadian rhythms.

Things don't begin that manner. Not when babies are still in the womb. During pregnancy, fetuses are tuned into their mothers' physiological cues about 24-hour interval and night.

Fetal middle and respiratory rates speed upward when a mother is active. They slow down when a mother  is sleeping (Mirmiran et al 2003). Such changes may be influenced by maternal hormones, particularly melatonin. Maternal melatonin passes through the placenta, and may straight the fetus' internal clock (Torres-Farfan et al 2006).

But afterward birth, this intimate hormonal connectedness is broken. Newborns must develop their own circadian rhythms of hormone production.

Unfortunately for united states of america, this takes time (Kennaway 1996), and the process is complicated by the fact that newborns need to feed every few hours. As a result, newborn slumber episodes tend to exist brief, and spaced at adequately regular intervals effectually the clock.

So when do babies develop mature cyclic rhythms?

It's normal for babies to have 12 weeks, or even longer.

Most infants take about 12 weeks to show day-night rhythms in the production of melatonin (Rivkees 2003). Circadian changes in cortisol, a hormone that helps regulate alertness, may take even longer to sally (Rivkees 2003). And, overall, babies may accept iii-v months earlier they "settle" at night–pregnant that they sleep for more than 5 hours at a stretch (Jenni et al 2006; Pinilla and Birch 1993).

All the same, newborn sleep isn't completely divorced from the natural rhythms of the 24-hour day. Studies show that circadian rhythms begin developing in the first days after birth.

For example, High german and Japanese studies have reported that newborns slumber more than at night than they do during the day (Freudigman and Thoman 1998; Korte 2004; Matsuoka et al 1991).

And scientific show suggests that even newborns are receptive to environmental cues almost time. Y'all can take advantage of this fact to help shape newborn sleep patterns.

How to help newborns go far sync with the natural, 24-hour twenty-four hours

i. Make your baby a part of your daily routine.

When parents include their newborns in their daily activities, newborn may suit more than quickly to the 24-hr day (Custodio et al 2007; Lorh et al 1999).

One written report took continuous measurements of mother-infant activity patterns for four months after birth. Newborns who were active at the same fourth dimension of day as their mothers were quicker to develop mature cyclic rhythms (Wulff and Siegmund 2002).

2. Reduce stimulation at night.

When your baby wakes for nighttime fourth dimension feedings, keep activity to a minimum. Make as fiddling noise equally possible, and avoid moving your babe around. Ideally, yous want to avoid waking her "all the mode upward." Merely if that isn't possible, at least attempt to minimize the hustle and bustle. Y'all want the baby to learn that nighttime is for sleep and placidity.

3. Expose your newborn to natural lighting patterns.

Light cues might not instantly synchronize newborn sleep patterns, but they aid.

For case, in one study, newborns slept longer at dark if their parents observed a regular policy of turning out the lights by 9pm (Iwata et al 2017).

In another study, young babies tended to sleep longer at night if they had been exposed to lots of early afternoon light (Harrison 2004).

And fourth dimension spent outdoors might make an of import departure. Babies who become outside experience much higher daytime lite levels than those kept indoors all day, and may develop stronger circadian rhythms every bit a issue (Tsai et al 2012).

4. T ry infant massage.

A recent experiment constitute that mothers assigned to massage their newborns with lotion at bedtime experienced improve newborn sleep outcomes than mothers who massaged without balm and mothers in a control group who didn't massage at all.

Afterward one month, newborns massaged with lotion were falling asleep faster, staying comatose longer, and enkindling at night less often. Mothers using lotion really massaged their infants more frequently, which may explain the results (Field et al 2016). An earlier study found that infant massage helped newborns develop more than mature patterns of melatonin secretion (Ferber 2002).

The takeaway? More enquiry is needed on this topic (Bennett et al 2013), but meanwhile, this seems worth a try.

v. Do yous pump and store breast milk? Consider keeping a record of what fourth dimension of twenty-four hours you express.

Breast milk contains tryptophan, an amino acid that is used by the body to industry melatonin. Tryptophan levels rise and autumn co-ordinate to maternal circadian rhythms, and when infants eat tryptophan before bedtime, they autumn comatose faster (Steinberg et al 1992).

It's therefore possible that breastfeeding helps newborn sleep patterns synchronize with the 24-hr day (Cubero et al 2005). This hypothesis was tested by feeding infants formula fortified with varying concentrations of tryptophan. When infants were given low levels of tryptophan during the 24-hour interval and high concentrations at nighttime (mimicking the natural fluctuations of chest milk), infants fell asleep faster at dark and got more sleep overall (Cubero et al 2007).

Newborn slumber cycles: Why newborns are lite sleepers

When adults first fall asleep, we pass through a couple of light sleep stages, and then plunge into a bout of deep sleep.

Later, we switch into REM, or "rapid eye movement" sleep, a slumber stage famous for its clan with dreaming, and the loss of muscle tone. Nosotros don't motion much during REM.

When REM is over, we either awaken, or return to light sleep and begin the wheel again. For the boilerplate adult, a single slumber cycle lasts well-nigh xc-100 minutes. We may partially awaken many times during the night. But nosotros're more likely to wake up "all the style" during transitions betwixt stages, during light sleep, and during REM.

Newborn slumber is as well characterized past sleep stages and cycles, just in that location are crucial differences.

Kickoff, babies typically begin their slumber bouts in the newborn equivalent of REM (sometimes called "active sleep").

2nd, newborns in REM don't normally experience musculus atonia.

Unlike us, they may thrash around, stretch, twitch, and even vocalize. The results tin fool parents into thinking their babies are waking upward, when they are actually experiencing normal REM slumber.

Tertiary, newborn slumber cycles are shorter — around 50-55 minutes for the average infant — and REM makes up a much bigger proportion of sleep.

Information technology'southward not unusual for newborns to spend more than half their total sleep time in REM (Grigg-Damberger 2016). Indeed, several studies propose that, over the class of a 24 hour day, some newborns spent may spend as much as 75% of their sleep time in active sleep (e.k., Poblano et al 2007; Sadeh et al 1996).

Quaternary, while newborns do experience something roughly analogous to deep sleep, this stage, called "quiet sleep," is potentially dangerous.

Characterized by slower, more rhythmic breathing, quiet sleep appears more restful (Grigg-Damberger 2016). Just information technology'south harder for babies to awaken from tranquility sleep, which tin cause problem if the babe isn't getting plenty oxygen.

This may explain why newborns don't oblige exhausted parents by lapsing into long periods of deep sleep. Information technology's besides risky. Instead, the typical 50-55 minute newborn slumber cycle includes only about xx minutes of serenity sleep. The balance of the fourth dimension, babies are either in REM or in "transitional sleep," a rather restless land that looks similar a mash-up of active and quiet sleep, and which scientists don't yet understand (Grigg-Damberget 2016).

Put this all together, and you can come across why parents feel their babies are such light (and erratic) sleepers. Like adults, newborns are more likely to awaken during REM, and during transitions between slumber stages. But unlike adults, newborns spend a lot more than time in REM, and they transition between cycles more than ofttimes.

And parents may sometimes mistake REM restlessness for waking — and attempt to collaborate with or soothe a babe at the wrong time. In brusque, at that place are lots of opportunities for babies to wake upward — or get awakened unnecessarily.

This sounds like a raw deal for parents. Just newborns probably benefit from being calorie-free sleepers. opens in a new windowHaving a low threshold of arousal may protect babies from SIDS, and active sleep might exist crucial for a newborn'south brain evolution (Heraghty et al 2008; Seigel 2005).

And if we understand the peculiar nature of newborn REM, we can acquire to avoid jumping in too soon when we think a baby is awakening or signalling for us.

A baby who seems to exist waking up may, if left alone, go back to sleep very rapidly.

How to continue your light sleeper from waking up all the style

one. Don't rush in the moment you think your infant has awakened.

As noted above, babies feel frequent arousals, merely that doesn't hateful they are doomed to wake upward "all the way" every few minutes. Babies often jerk, sigh, or vocalize during partial arousals. If y'all avoid stimulating them during these moments, they may go back to sleep on their own.

two. Tank up the baby before y'all go to sleep.

Whether yous breastfeed or canteen-fed, attempt to give the baby an especially big meal before your own bedtime. This volition encourage your baby to sleep longer. To larn more about this arroyo, see this Parenting Science guide to opens in a new window"Dream feeding."

iii. If y'all feed your baby formula, endeavor to find 1 that includes DHA.

DHA is a fatty acid plant in fish oil and other dietary sources. It'south important for brain development, and may play a role in shaping sleep patterns as well.

In one written report, children who consumed depression levels of DHA had reduced amount of tedious-wave (deep) sleep (Faglioli et al 1989). In another study, pregnant women with higher blood levels of DHA gave nascence to babies who spent more than time in quiet sleep (Cheruku et al 2002).

DHA is establish in breast milk, and then it'southward plausible (though unproven) that boosting a nursing mother's DHA intake could improve a newborn's sleep patterns. If you use formula, it seems like a good idea to observe a baby formula that contains DHA.

4. Bank check out my commodity on opens in a new window baby slumber aids.

There yous'll find tips for improving newborn slumber, and avoiding practices that are either unhelpful or potentially hazardous.

What about you? Tips for improving your ain sleep

Newborn slumber patterns take their toll on parents. In a report tracking the sleep patterns of mothers from pregnancy through the postpartum period, maternal sleep worsened afterward childbirth and connected to deteriorate until virtually 12 weeks postpartum (Kang et al 2002)—-the time when newborn sleep patterns begin to evidence marked circadian rhythms (Nishihara et al 2000).

Twelve weeks isn't forever, but it tin can seem like it when you are severely sleep restricted. As yous struggle to cope with newborn sleep patterns, don't forget to look after yourself. Here are some tips to help you cope.

1. Appreciate the power of a 30-minute nap

When you're running upward an enormous slumber debt, you might think a 30-minute nap volition brand picayune difference to your health.

Only recent research confirms that all naps are not the same. When you're slumber deprived, the brain compensates by rendering naps more restorative than usual.

In i study, volunteers permitted to sleep but 2 hours at night showed the typical abnormalities in their stress hormone and allowed factor chemistry. But afterwards just two xxx-minute naps, those irregularities were entirely normalized (Faraut et al 2015b).

In another study, volunteers coping with a 2-hr nightly regimen experienced heightened pain sensitivity — a common symptom of sleep deprivation. But one time again, the result was reversed after simply two 30-minute naps (Faraut et al 2015a).

2. Don't presume that it's pointless to lie down if you don't fall comatose. Y'all might pass into a country of drowsy, semi-witting sleep — and reap some benefits.

Likewise wired to "slumber when the baby sleeps"? If so, continue in listen that quiet resting is better than nothing. In fact, if you lot are lying down with your eyes closed, you lot might be asleep without realizing it.

In numerous lab studies, subjects who were awakened from the starting time stage of sleep ofttimes denied that they were comatose at all (Dement and Vaughan 1999). A nap that consists only of stage 1 sleep might not help y'all improve your reaction times, merely it will probably make y'all feel less tired. And if yous manage to slip into the second stage of slumber — even for just 3 minutes — your nap may have recuperative effects (Hayashi et al 2005).

3. Don't play the blame game.

Brooding most the state of affairs will make it harder for you to fall asleep when y'all are given the opportunity. And it's incorrect-headed, too: You lot might be doing everything you can to get more slumber, and still be stuck with a babe who sleeps less than boilerplate.

Inquiry suggests that the corporeality of sleep we get at night is strongly influenced past genetics (Touchette et al 2013), and, equally mentioned above, there is a lot of private variation amongst newborns.

4. Don't assume that breastfeeding will make you more than sleepless than formula feeding.

I study reported that the parents of breastfed babies averaged 40-45 minutes more slumber time than did the parents of formula-fed babies (Doan et al 2007).

v. If you are breastfeeding, y'all are likely to become more sleep if yous keep your baby nearby.

The World Health Organization recommends that babies share a bedroom with their parents, and information technology's a recommendation that makes breastfeeding less disruptive. A contempo study constitute that breastfeeding women got more sleep when they co-slept with baby (Quillin and Glenn 2004). In fact, mothers who co-slept and breastfed got more sleep than did mothers who bottle-fed their babies (Quillin and Glenn 2004).

6. If your baby is asleep, don't worry about changing diapers.

If your infant tin't slumber because she needs a diaper modify, she'll let you know. And a lilliputian urine is unlikely to awaken her anyhow. In a recent experiment, researchers injected water into the diapers of sleeping infants to run into if this would wake them upwardly (Zotter et al 2007). It didn't.

seven. Become sunlight and avoid artificial lighting at nighttime.

Brand sure you expose yourself and your baby to bright low-cal during the day. And keep lights out–or at least dimmed–after sunset.

Every bit noted above, natural lighting helps influence newborn slumber patterns. Merely it likewise helps you keep your own circadian rhythms from drifting, which is important if you lot are going avoid insomnia and be a source of daytime cues for your newborn.

eight. Allow a friend or family member sentinel your babe while you lot have a nap, even if this ways your breastfed baby volition accept some meals from a bottle.

Lactation experts frequently discourage breastfeeding mothers from bottle feeding babies for the first 3-iv weeks. The worry is that supplemental feeds will lead to a decreased milk supply and endanger successful breastfeeding in the long-term.

But you demand to balance this against the negative effects of severe sleep restriction. Lack of sleep puts parents at increased risk of illness and opens in a new windowpostpartum depression, which is bad for parents and babies. If you are at the end of your rope, get assistance.

9. Trust your instincts, and get assist when you feel stressed

If something feels wrong with you lot or the baby, talk to your physician. And call back that your own mental wellness is crucial.

Coping with sleep deprivation is very stressful, peculiarly if your babe opens in a new windowseems to be especially fussy or prone to crying. Sentry for signs of opens in a new windowpostpartum stress and opens in a new windowpostpartum depression, and reach out to others for back up.

10. Retrieve that things will get better

Newborns have special slumber patterns and special needs. But things will showtime to go ameliorate around 12 weeks postpartum.

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More than reading relevant to newborn sleep

For more information virtually babies and slumber, run into opens in a new windowthese fully-referenced Parenting Science articles.

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References: What scientific studies say about newborn slumber

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